Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and
프라그마틱 게임 무료 (
pragmatic19864.blogzet.com) the social ties they were able to draw from were important. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a major reason for them to choose to avoid expressing criticism of an uncompromising professor (see example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. The DCT for instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It is important to carefully analyze the data before it is used in research or assessment.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to manipulate the social variables that are related to politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers to study the role played by prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics the DCT has become one of the primary tools to analyze learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to analyze many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.
A recent study used an DCT to evaluate EFL students' refusal skills. The participants were given various scenarios and were asked to select an appropriate response from the choices provided. The researchers found the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. The researchers cautioned that the DCT must be used with caution. They also recommended using other data collection methods.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires further research on different methods to assess refusal ability.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four primary factors such as their identities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have implications for 프라그마틱 이미지 (
socialrator.com) pedagogy for
프라그마틱 무료슬롯 데모 (
https://pragmatickr-com76420.blogdosaga.Com) L2 Korean assessment.
First, the MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' rational choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees were asked to explain their decision to use pragmatic language in a given scenario.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
The central problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs, DCTs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their actions to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship benefits. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to function more easily in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university.
However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This is similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the validity of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. Additionally, this will help educators develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is a method that employs deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method utilizes multiple data sources like interviews, observations and documents to confirm its findings.